diff --git a/basicsr/archs/vqgan_arch.py b/basicsr/archs/vqgan_arch.py
index f6dfcf4..f8ae82d 100644
--- a/basicsr/archs/vqgan_arch.py
+++ b/basicsr/archs/vqgan_arch.py
@@ -1,65 +1,64 @@
-'''
-VQGAN code, adapted from the original created by the Unleashing Transformers authors:
-https://github.com/samb-t/unleashing-transformers/blob/master/models/vqgan.py
-
-'''
 import numpy as np
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
 import torch.nn.functional as F
 import copy
+import os
 from basicsr.utils import get_root_logger
 from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
 
+# Select Device
+def select_device(prefer_coreml=False):
+    if torch.backends.mps.is_available() and prefer_coreml:
+        print("BasicSR Archs: Using CoreML backend (MPS).")
+        return torch.device("mps")
+    elif torch.cuda.is_available():
+        print("BasicSR Archs: Using CUDA backend.")
+        return torch.device("cuda")
+    else:
+        print("BasicSR Archs: Using CPU backend.")
+        return torch.device("cpu")
+
+# Set device globally
+DEVICE = select_device(prefer_coreml=True)
+
 def normalize(in_channels):
     return torch.nn.GroupNorm(num_groups=32, num_channels=in_channels, eps=1e-6, affine=True)
-    
 
 @torch.jit.script
 def swish(x):
-    return x*torch.sigmoid(x)
+    return x * torch.sigmoid(x)
 
-
-#  Define VQVAE classes
 class VectorQuantizer(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, codebook_size, emb_dim, beta):
         super(VectorQuantizer, self).__init__()
-        self.codebook_size = codebook_size  # number of embeddings
-        self.emb_dim = emb_dim  # dimension of embedding
-        self.beta = beta  # commitment cost used in loss term, beta * ||z_e(x)-sg[e]||^2
+        self.codebook_size = codebook_size
+        self.emb_dim = emb_dim
+        self.beta = beta
         self.embedding = nn.Embedding(self.codebook_size, self.emb_dim)
         self.embedding.weight.data.uniform_(-1.0 / self.codebook_size, 1.0 / self.codebook_size)
 
     def forward(self, z):
-        # reshape z -> (batch, height, width, channel) and flatten
         z = z.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).contiguous()
         z_flattened = z.view(-1, self.emb_dim)
 
-        # distances from z to embeddings e_j (z - e)^2 = z^2 + e^2 - 2 e * z
-        d = (z_flattened ** 2).sum(dim=1, keepdim=True) + (self.embedding.weight**2).sum(1) - \
+        d = (z_flattened ** 2).sum(dim=1, keepdim=True) + \
+            (self.embedding.weight ** 2).sum(1) - \
             2 * torch.matmul(z_flattened, self.embedding.weight.t())
 
         mean_distance = torch.mean(d)
-        # find closest encodings
-        # min_encoding_indices = torch.argmin(d, dim=1).unsqueeze(1)
         min_encoding_scores, min_encoding_indices = torch.topk(d, 1, dim=1, largest=False)
-        # [0-1], higher score, higher confidence
-        min_encoding_scores = torch.exp(-min_encoding_scores/10)
+        min_encoding_scores = torch.exp(-min_encoding_scores / 10)
 
-        min_encodings = torch.zeros(min_encoding_indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size).to(z)
+        min_encodings = torch.zeros(min_encoding_indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size, device=z.device)
         min_encodings.scatter_(1, min_encoding_indices, 1)
 
-        # get quantized latent vectors
         z_q = torch.matmul(min_encodings, self.embedding.weight).view(z.shape)
-        # compute loss for embedding
-        loss = torch.mean((z_q.detach()-z)**2) + self.beta * torch.mean((z_q - z.detach()) ** 2)
-        # preserve gradients
+        loss = torch.mean((z_q.detach() - z) ** 2) + self.beta * torch.mean((z_q - z.detach()) ** 2)
         z_q = z + (z_q - z).detach()
 
-        # perplexity
         e_mean = torch.mean(min_encodings, dim=0)
         perplexity = torch.exp(-torch.sum(e_mean * torch.log(e_mean + 1e-10)))
-        # reshape back to match original input shape
         z_q = z_q.permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()
 
         return z_q, loss, {
@@ -68,18 +67,15 @@ class VectorQuantizer(nn.Module):
             "min_encoding_indices": min_encoding_indices,
             "min_encoding_scores": min_encoding_scores,
             "mean_distance": mean_distance
-            }
+        }
 
     def get_codebook_feat(self, indices, shape):
-        # input indices: batch*token_num -> (batch*token_num)*1
-        # shape: batch, height, width, channel
-        indices = indices.view(-1,1)
-        min_encodings = torch.zeros(indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size).to(indices)
+        indices = indices.view(-1, 1)
+        min_encodings = torch.zeros(indices.shape[0], self.codebook_size, device=indices.device)
         min_encodings.scatter_(1, indices, 1)
-        # get quantized latent vectors
         z_q = torch.matmul(min_encodings.float(), self.embedding.weight)
 
-        if shape is not None:  # reshape back to match original input shape
+        if shape is not None:
             z_q = z_q.view(shape).permute(0, 3, 1, 2).contiguous()
 
         return z_q
@@ -324,112 +320,87 @@ class Generator(nn.Module):
         return x
 
   
+# Autoencoder with device transfer
 @ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
 class VQAutoEncoder(nn.Module):
-    def __init__(self, img_size, nf, ch_mult, quantizer="nearest", res_blocks=2, attn_resolutions=[16], codebook_size=1024, emb_dim=256,
-                beta=0.25, gumbel_straight_through=False, gumbel_kl_weight=1e-8, model_path=None):
+    def __init__(self, img_size, nf, ch_mult, quantizer="nearest", res_blocks=2,
+                 attn_resolutions=[16], codebook_size=1024, emb_dim=256,
+                 beta=0.25, gumbel_straight_through=False, gumbel_kl_weight=1e-8, model_path=None):
         super().__init__()
         logger = get_root_logger()
-        self.in_channels = 3 
-        self.nf = nf 
-        self.n_blocks = res_blocks 
+        self.in_channels = 3
+        self.nf = nf
         self.codebook_size = codebook_size
         self.embed_dim = emb_dim
         self.ch_mult = ch_mult
         self.resolution = img_size
         self.attn_resolutions = attn_resolutions
         self.quantizer_type = quantizer
+
         self.encoder = Encoder(
-            self.in_channels,
-            self.nf,
-            self.embed_dim,
-            self.ch_mult,
-            self.n_blocks,
-            self.resolution,
-            self.attn_resolutions
-        )
+            self.in_channels, self.nf, self.embed_dim, self.ch_mult,
+            res_blocks, self.resolution, self.attn_resolutions
+        ).to(DEVICE)
+
         if self.quantizer_type == "nearest":
-            self.beta = beta #0.25
-            self.quantize = VectorQuantizer(self.codebook_size, self.embed_dim, self.beta)
-        elif self.quantizer_type == "gumbel":
-            self.gumbel_num_hiddens = emb_dim
-            self.straight_through = gumbel_straight_through
-            self.kl_weight = gumbel_kl_weight
+            self.quantize = VectorQuantizer(self.codebook_size, self.embed_dim, beta).to(DEVICE)
+        else:
             self.quantize = GumbelQuantizer(
-                self.codebook_size,
-                self.embed_dim,
-                self.gumbel_num_hiddens,
-                self.straight_through,
-                self.kl_weight
-            )
+                self.codebook_size, self.embed_dim, emb_dim,
+                gumbel_straight_through, gumbel_kl_weight
+            ).to(DEVICE)
+
         self.generator = Generator(
-            self.nf, 
-            self.embed_dim,
-            self.ch_mult, 
-            self.n_blocks, 
-            self.resolution, 
-            self.attn_resolutions
-        )
+            self.nf, self.embed_dim, self.ch_mult, res_blocks,
+            self.resolution, self.attn_resolutions
+        ).to(DEVICE)
 
         if model_path is not None:
             chkpt = torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')
             if 'params_ema' in chkpt:
-                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params_ema'])
-                logger.info(f'vqgan is loaded from: {model_path} [params_ema]')
+                self.load_state_dict(chkpt['params_ema'])
+                logger.info(f'Loaded VQGAN from: {model_path} [params_ema]')
             elif 'params' in chkpt:
-                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params'])
-                logger.info(f'vqgan is loaded from: {model_path} [params]')
+                self.load_state_dict(chkpt['params'])
+                logger.info(f'Loaded VQGAN from: {model_path} [params]')
             else:
-                raise ValueError(f'Wrong params!')
-
+                raise ValueError("Invalid model format!")
 
     def forward(self, x):
+        x = x.to(DEVICE)
         x = self.encoder(x)
         quant, codebook_loss, quant_stats = self.quantize(x)
         x = self.generator(quant)
         return x, codebook_loss, quant_stats
 
-
-
-# patch based discriminator
 @ARCH_REGISTRY.register()
 class VQGANDiscriminator(nn.Module):
     def __init__(self, nc=3, ndf=64, n_layers=4, model_path=None):
         super().__init__()
-
-        layers = [nn.Conv2d(nc, ndf, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1), nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)]
-        ndf_mult = 1
-        ndf_mult_prev = 1
-        for n in range(1, n_layers):  # gradually increase the number of filters
-            ndf_mult_prev = ndf_mult
-            ndf_mult = min(2 ** n, 8)
-            layers += [
-                nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult_prev, ndf * ndf_mult, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1, bias=False),
-                nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * ndf_mult),
-                nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)
-            ]
-
-        ndf_mult_prev = ndf_mult
-        ndf_mult = min(2 ** n_layers, 8)
-
-        layers += [
-            nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult_prev, ndf * ndf_mult, kernel_size=4, stride=1, padding=1, bias=False),
-            nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * ndf_mult),
+        layers = [
+            nn.Conv2d(nc, ndf, kernel_size=4, stride=2, padding=1),
             nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)
         ]
-
+        nf_mult = 1
+        for n in range(1, n_layers):
+            prev = nf_mult
+            nf_mult = min(2 ** n, 8)
+            layers += [
+                nn.Conv2d(ndf * prev, ndf * nf_mult, 4, 2, 1, bias=False),
+                nn.BatchNorm2d(ndf * nf_mult),
+                nn.LeakyReLU(0.2, True)
+            ]
         layers += [
-            nn.Conv2d(ndf * ndf_mult, 1, kernel_size=4, stride=1, padding=1)]  # output 1 channel prediction map
-        self.main = nn.Sequential(*layers)
+            nn.Conv2d(ndf * nf_mult, 1, 4, 1, 1)
+        ]
+        self.main = nn.Sequential(*layers).to(DEVICE)
 
-        if model_path is not None:
+        if model_path:
             chkpt = torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')
             if 'params_d' in chkpt:
-                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params_d'])
+                self.load_state_dict(chkpt['params_d'])
             elif 'params' in chkpt:
-                self.load_state_dict(torch.load(model_path, map_location='cpu')['params'])
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(f'Wrong params!')
+                self.load_state_dict(chkpt['params'])
 
     def forward(self, x):
-        return self.main(x)
\ No newline at end of file
+        return self.main(x.to(DEVICE))
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basicsr/data/prefetch_dataloader.py b/basicsr/data/prefetch_dataloader.py
index 5088425..a975d4c 100644
--- a/basicsr/data/prefetch_dataloader.py
+++ b/basicsr/data/prefetch_dataloader.py
@@ -82,12 +82,9 @@ class CPUPrefetcher():
 
 
 class CUDAPrefetcher():
-    """CUDA prefetcher.
+    """CUDA (or MPS/CPU) prefetcher.
 
-    Ref:
-    https://github.com/NVIDIA/apex/issues/304#
-
-    It may consums more GPU memory.
+    It may consume more GPU memory.
 
     Args:
         loader: Dataloader.
@@ -98,8 +95,18 @@ class CUDAPrefetcher():
         self.ori_loader = loader
         self.loader = iter(loader)
         self.opt = opt
-        self.stream = torch.cuda.Stream()
-        self.device = torch.device('cuda' if opt['num_gpu'] != 0 else 'cpu')
+
+        # Cross-platform device detection
+        if opt['num_gpu'] != 0 and torch.cuda.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device('cuda')
+            self.stream = torch.cuda.Stream()
+        elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+            self.device = torch.device('mps')
+            self.stream = None
+        else:
+            self.device = torch.device('cpu')
+            self.stream = None
+
         self.preload()
 
     def preload(self):
@@ -108,18 +115,24 @@ class CUDAPrefetcher():
         except StopIteration:
             self.batch = None
             return None
-        # put tensors to gpu
-        with torch.cuda.stream(self.stream):
+
+        if self.stream is not None:
+            with torch.cuda.stream(self.stream):
+                for k, v in self.batch.items():
+                    if torch.is_tensor(v):
+                        self.batch[k] = self.batch[k].to(device=self.device, non_blocking=True)
+        else:
             for k, v in self.batch.items():
                 if torch.is_tensor(v):
-                    self.batch[k] = self.batch[k].to(device=self.device, non_blocking=True)
+                    self.batch[k] = self.batch[k].to(device=self.device)
 
     def next(self):
-        torch.cuda.current_stream().wait_stream(self.stream)
+        if self.stream is not None:
+            torch.cuda.current_stream().wait_stream(self.stream)
         batch = self.batch
         self.preload()
         return batch
 
     def reset(self):
         self.loader = iter(self.ori_loader)
-        self.preload()
+        self.preload()
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basicsr/train.py b/basicsr/train.py
index a01c0df..2ee9e64 100644
--- a/basicsr/train.py
+++ b/basicsr/train.py
@@ -2,22 +2,38 @@ import argparse
 import datetime
 import logging
 import math
-import copy
 import random
 import time
 import torch
+import platform
 from os import path as osp
+import warnings
 
 from basicsr.data import build_dataloader, build_dataset
 from basicsr.data.data_sampler import EnlargedSampler
 from basicsr.data.prefetch_dataloader import CPUPrefetcher, CUDAPrefetcher
 from basicsr.models import build_model
-from basicsr.utils import (MessageLogger, check_resume, get_env_info, get_root_logger, init_tb_logger,
-                           init_wandb_logger, make_exp_dirs, mkdir_and_rename, set_random_seed)
+from basicsr.utils import (
+    MessageLogger, check_resume, get_env_info, get_root_logger, init_tb_logger,
+    init_wandb_logger, make_exp_dirs, mkdir_and_rename, set_random_seed
+)
 from basicsr.utils.dist_util import get_dist_info, init_dist
 from basicsr.utils.options import dict2str, parse
 
-import warnings
+# ----------- DEVICE SELECTION ----------
+def select_device(prefer_coreml=True):
+    if torch.backends.mps.is_available() and prefer_coreml and platform.system() == "Darwin":
+        print("BasicSR: Using CoreML backend (MPS).")
+        return torch.device("mps")
+    elif torch.cuda.is_available():
+        print("BasicSR: Using CUDA backend.")
+        return torch.device("cuda")
+    else:
+        print("BasicSR: Using CPU backend.")
+        return torch.device("cpu")
+
+DEVICE = select_device(prefer_coreml=True)
+
 # ignore UserWarning: Detected call of `lr_scheduler.step()` before `optimizer.step()`.
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=UserWarning)
 
@@ -30,9 +46,9 @@ def parse_options(root_path, is_train=True):
     opt = parse(args.opt, root_path, is_train=is_train)
 
     # distributed settings
-    if args.launcher == 'none':
+    if args.launcher == 'none' or DEVICE.type != 'cuda':
         opt['dist'] = False
-        print('Disable distributed.', flush=True)
+        print('Distributed training disabled.', flush=True)
     else:
         opt['dist'] = True
         if args.launcher == 'slurm' and 'dist_params' in opt:
@@ -51,122 +67,96 @@ def parse_options(root_path, is_train=True):
 
     return opt
 
-
 def init_loggers(opt):
     log_file = osp.join(opt['path']['log'], f"train_{opt['name']}.log")
     logger = get_root_logger(logger_name='basicsr', log_level=logging.INFO, log_file=log_file)
     logger.info(get_env_info())
     logger.info(dict2str(opt))
 
-    # initialize wandb logger before tensorboard logger to allow proper sync:
     if (opt['logger'].get('wandb') is not None) and (opt['logger']['wandb'].get('project') is not None):
-        assert opt['logger'].get('use_tb_logger') is True, ('should turn on tensorboard when using wandb')
+        assert opt['logger'].get('use_tb_logger') is True
         init_wandb_logger(opt)
+
     tb_logger = None
     if opt['logger'].get('use_tb_logger'):
         tb_logger = init_tb_logger(log_dir=osp.join('tb_logger', opt['name']))
     return logger, tb_logger
 
-
 def create_train_val_dataloader(opt, logger):
-    # create train and val dataloaders
     train_loader, val_loader = None, None
     for phase, dataset_opt in opt['datasets'].items():
         if phase == 'train':
             dataset_enlarge_ratio = dataset_opt.get('dataset_enlarge_ratio', 1)
             train_set = build_dataset(dataset_opt)
             train_sampler = EnlargedSampler(train_set, opt['world_size'], opt['rank'], dataset_enlarge_ratio)
-            train_loader = build_dataloader(
-                train_set,
-                dataset_opt,
-                num_gpu=opt['num_gpu'],
-                dist=opt['dist'],
-                sampler=train_sampler,
-                seed=opt['manual_seed'])
-
-            num_iter_per_epoch = math.ceil(
-                len(train_set) * dataset_enlarge_ratio / (dataset_opt['batch_size_per_gpu'] * opt['world_size']))
+            train_loader = build_dataloader(train_set, dataset_opt, num_gpu=opt['num_gpu'], dist=opt['dist'], sampler=train_sampler, seed=opt['manual_seed'])
+            num_iter_per_epoch = math.ceil(len(train_set) * dataset_enlarge_ratio / (dataset_opt['batch_size_per_gpu'] * opt['world_size']))
             total_iters = int(opt['train']['total_iter'])
-            total_epochs = math.ceil(total_iters / (num_iter_per_epoch))
-            logger.info('Training statistics:'
-                        f'\n\tNumber of train images: {len(train_set)}'
-                        f'\n\tDataset enlarge ratio: {dataset_enlarge_ratio}'
-                        f'\n\tBatch size per gpu: {dataset_opt["batch_size_per_gpu"]}'
-                        f'\n\tWorld size (gpu number): {opt["world_size"]}'
-                        f'\n\tRequire iter number per epoch: {num_iter_per_epoch}'
-                        f'\n\tTotal epochs: {total_epochs}; iters: {total_iters}.')
+            total_epochs = math.ceil(total_iters / num_iter_per_epoch)
+            logger.info(f'Training stats:\n\tTrain images: {len(train_set)}\n\tEnlarge ratio: {dataset_enlarge_ratio}\n\tBatch/GPU: {dataset_opt["batch_size_per_gpu"]}\n\tGPUs: {opt["world_size"]}\n\tIters/epoch: {num_iter_per_epoch}\n\tTotal epochs: {total_epochs}, Iters: {total_iters}')
 
         elif phase == 'val':
             val_set = build_dataset(dataset_opt)
-            val_loader = build_dataloader(
-                val_set, dataset_opt, num_gpu=opt['num_gpu'], dist=opt['dist'], sampler=None, seed=opt['manual_seed'])
-            logger.info(f'Number of val images/folders in {dataset_opt["name"]}: ' f'{len(val_set)}')
+            val_loader = build_dataloader(val_set, dataset_opt, num_gpu=opt['num_gpu'], dist=opt['dist'], sampler=None, seed=opt['manual_seed'])
+            logger.info(f'Validation items in {dataset_opt["name"]}: {len(val_set)}')
         else:
-            raise ValueError(f'Dataset phase {phase} is not recognized.')
+            raise ValueError(f'Dataset phase {phase} not recognized.')
 
     return train_loader, train_sampler, val_loader, total_epochs, total_iters
 
-
 def train_pipeline(root_path):
-    # parse options, set distributed setting, set ramdom seed
     opt = parse_options(root_path, is_train=True)
 
-    torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True
-    # torch.backends.cudnn.deterministic = True
+    if DEVICE.type == 'cuda':
+        torch.backends.cudnn.benchmark = True
 
-    # load resume states if necessary
     if opt['path'].get('resume_state'):
-        device_id = torch.cuda.current_device()
-        resume_state = torch.load(
-            opt['path']['resume_state'], map_location=lambda storage, loc: storage.cuda(device_id))
+        resume_state = torch.load(opt['path']['resume_state'], map_location=DEVICE)
     else:
         resume_state = None
 
-    # mkdir for experiments and logger
     if resume_state is None:
         make_exp_dirs(opt)
         if opt['logger'].get('use_tb_logger') and opt['rank'] == 0:
             mkdir_and_rename(osp.join('tb_logger', opt['name']))
 
-    # initialize loggers
     logger, tb_logger = init_loggers(opt)
-    
-    # create train and validation dataloaders
-    result = create_train_val_dataloader(opt, logger)
-    train_loader, train_sampler, val_loader, total_epochs, total_iters = result
+    train_loader, train_sampler, val_loader, total_epochs, total_iters = create_train_val_dataloader(opt, logger)
 
-    # create model
-    if resume_state:  # resume training
+    if resume_state:
         check_resume(opt, resume_state['iter'])
-        model = build_model(opt)
-        model.resume_training(resume_state)  # handle optimizers and schedulers
-        logger.info(f"Resuming training from epoch: {resume_state['epoch']}, " f"iter: {resume_state['iter']}.")
+        model = build_model(opt).to(DEVICE)
+        model.resume_training(resume_state)
+        logger.info(f"Resuming from epoch {resume_state['epoch']}, iter {resume_state['iter']}")
         start_epoch = resume_state['epoch']
         current_iter = resume_state['iter']
     else:
-        model = build_model(opt)
+        model = build_model(opt).to(DEVICE)
         start_epoch = 0
         current_iter = 0
 
-    # create message logger (formatted outputs)
     msg_logger = MessageLogger(opt, current_iter, tb_logger)
 
-    # dataloader prefetcher
     prefetch_mode = opt['datasets']['train'].get('prefetch_mode')
-    if prefetch_mode is None or prefetch_mode == 'cpu':
+    if prefetch_mode is None or prefetch_mode == 'cpu' or DEVICE.type in ['cpu', 'mps']:
+        if prefetch_mode == 'cuda' and DEVICE.type == 'mps':
+            logger.warning("CUDA prefetch requested but MPS (CoreML) is in use. Falling back to CPU prefetch.")
         prefetcher = CPUPrefetcher(train_loader)
     elif prefetch_mode == 'cuda':
-        prefetcher = CUDAPrefetcher(train_loader, opt)
-        logger.info(f'Use {prefetch_mode} prefetch dataloader')
-        if opt['datasets']['train'].get('pin_memory') is not True:
-            raise ValueError('Please set pin_memory=True for CUDAPrefetcher.')
+        if DEVICE.type != 'cuda':
+            logger.warning("CUDA prefetch requested but CUDA unavailable. Using CPU prefetch.")
+            prefetcher = CPUPrefetcher(train_loader)
+        else:
+            if opt['datasets']['train'].get('pin_memory') is not True:
+                raise ValueError('Set pin_memory=True for CUDAPrefetcher.')
+            prefetcher = CUDAPrefetcher(train_loader, opt)
+            logger.info(f'Using CUDA prefetcher')
     else:
-        raise ValueError(f'Wrong prefetch_mode {prefetch_mode}.' "Supported ones are: None, 'cuda', 'cpu'.")
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid prefetch_mode: {prefetch_mode}. Supported: 'cpu', 'cuda', None")
 
-    # training
-    logger.info(f'Start training from epoch: {start_epoch}, iter: {current_iter+1}')
-    data_time, iter_time = time.time(), time.time()
+    logger.info(f'Start training at epoch {start_epoch}, iter {current_iter + 1}')
     start_time = time.time()
+    data_time, iter_time = time.time(), time.time()
 
     for epoch in range(start_epoch, total_epochs + 1):
         train_sampler.set_epoch(epoch)
@@ -175,17 +165,15 @@ def train_pipeline(root_path):
 
         while train_data is not None:
             data_time = time.time() - data_time
-
             current_iter += 1
             if current_iter > total_iters:
                 break
-            # update learning rate
+
             model.update_learning_rate(current_iter, warmup_iter=opt['train'].get('warmup_iter', -1))
-            # training
             model.feed_data(train_data)
             model.optimize_parameters(current_iter)
+
             iter_time = time.time() - iter_time
-            # log
             if current_iter % opt['logger']['print_freq'] == 0:
                 log_vars = {'epoch': epoch, 'iter': current_iter}
                 log_vars.update({'lrs': model.get_current_learning_rate()})
@@ -193,33 +181,27 @@ def train_pipeline(root_path):
                 log_vars.update(model.get_current_log())
                 msg_logger(log_vars)
 
-            # save models and training states
             if current_iter % opt['logger']['save_checkpoint_freq'] == 0:
-                logger.info('Saving models and training states.')
+                logger.info('Saving model and training state.')
                 model.save(epoch, current_iter)
 
-            # validation
-            if opt.get('val') is not None and opt['datasets'].get('val') is not None \
-                and (current_iter % opt['val']['val_freq'] == 0):
+            if opt.get('val') and opt['datasets'].get('val') and (current_iter % opt['val']['val_freq'] == 0):
                 model.validation(val_loader, current_iter, tb_logger, opt['val']['save_img'])
 
             data_time = time.time()
             iter_time = time.time()
             train_data = prefetcher.next()
-        # end of iter
-
-    # end of epoch
 
     consumed_time = str(datetime.timedelta(seconds=int(time.time() - start_time)))
-    logger.info(f'End of training. Time consumed: {consumed_time}')
-    logger.info('Save the latest model.')
-    model.save(epoch=-1, current_iter=-1)  # -1 stands for the latest
-    if opt.get('val') is not None and opt['datasets'].get('val'):
+    logger.info(f'Training complete. Time: {consumed_time}')
+    logger.info('Saving latest model.')
+    model.save(epoch=-1, current_iter=-1)
+
+    if opt.get('val') and opt['datasets'].get('val'):
         model.validation(val_loader, current_iter, tb_logger, opt['val']['save_img'])
     if tb_logger:
         tb_logger.close()
 
-
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     root_path = osp.abspath(osp.join(__file__, osp.pardir, osp.pardir))
-    train_pipeline(root_path)
+    train_pipeline(root_path)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/basicsr/utils/realesrgan_utils.py b/basicsr/utils/realesrgan_utils.py
index ff94523..be33ab3 100644
--- a/basicsr/utils/realesrgan_utils.py
+++ b/basicsr/utils/realesrgan_utils.py
@@ -44,11 +44,20 @@ class RealESRGANer():
         self.half = half
 
         # initialize model
-        if gpu_id:
-            self.device = torch.device(
-                f'cuda:{gpu_id}' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') if device is None else device
+        if device is not None:
+            self.device = device
         else:
-            self.device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu') if device is None else device
+            if torch.cuda.is_available():
+                if gpu_id is not None and gpu_id < torch.cuda.device_count():
+                    self.device = torch.device(f"cuda:{gpu_id}")
+                else:
+                    self.device = torch.device("cuda:0")
+            elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+                self.device = torch.device("mps")
+            else:
+                self.device = torch.device("cpu")
+
+
         # if the model_path starts with https, it will first download models to the folder: realesrgan/weights
         if model_path.startswith('https://'):
             model_path = load_file_from_url(
diff --git a/codeformer_wrapper.py b/codeformer_wrapper.py
index 81b18d4..e5890da 100644
--- a/codeformer_wrapper.py
+++ b/codeformer_wrapper.py
@@ -9,8 +9,15 @@ from basicsr.utils.download_util import load_file_from_url
 from facelib.utils.face_restoration_helper import FaceRestoreHelper
 from basicsr.utils.registry import ARCH_REGISTRY
 
-device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+# Cross-platform device selection: CUDA > MPS > CPU
+if torch.cuda.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("cuda")
+elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("mps")
+else:
+    device = torch.device("cpu")
 
+# Download and load model
 pretrain_model_url = {
     'restoration': 'https://github.com/sczhou/CodeFormer/releases/download/v0.1.0/codeformer.pth',
 }
@@ -20,7 +27,7 @@ net = ARCH_REGISTRY.get('CodeFormer')(dim_embd=512, codebook_size=1024, n_head=8
 
 ckpt_path = load_file_from_url(url=pretrain_model_url['restoration'],
                                 model_dir='weights/CodeFormer', progress=True, file_name=None)
-checkpoint = torch.load(ckpt_path)['params_ema']
+checkpoint = torch.load(ckpt_path, map_location=device)['params_ema']
 net.load_state_dict(checkpoint)
 net.eval()
 
@@ -47,9 +54,9 @@ def _enhance_img(img: np.ndarray, w: float = 0.5) -> np.ndarray:
     face_helper.align_warp_face()
 
     for cropped_face in face_helper.cropped_faces:
-        cropped_face_t = img2tensor(cropped_face / 255., bgr2rgb=True, float32=True)
+        cropped_face_t = img2tensor(cropped_face / 255., bgr2rgb=True, float32=True).to(device)
         normalize(cropped_face_t, (0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5), inplace=True)
-        cropped_face_t = cropped_face_t.unsqueeze(0).to(device)
+        cropped_face_t = cropped_face_t.unsqueeze(0)  # (1, 3, H, W), already on correct device
 
         with torch.no_grad():
             output = net(cropped_face_t, w=w, adain=True)[0]
@@ -84,4 +91,4 @@ def enhance_image_memory(img: np.ndarray, w: float = 0.5) -> np.ndarray:
     """
     Enhances an input image entirely in memory and returns the enhanced image.
     """
-    return _enhance_img(img, w=w)
+    return _enhance_img(img, w=w)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/facelib/detection/retinaface/retinaface.py b/facelib/detection/retinaface/retinaface.py
index 0259355..bc331d5 100644
--- a/facelib/detection/retinaface/retinaface.py
+++ b/facelib/detection/retinaface/retinaface.py
@@ -11,7 +11,13 @@ from facelib.detection.retinaface.retinaface_net import FPN, SSH, MobileNetV1, m
 from facelib.detection.retinaface.retinaface_utils import (PriorBox, batched_decode, batched_decode_landm, decode, decode_landm,
                                                  py_cpu_nms)
 
-device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
+
+if torch.cuda.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("cuda")
+elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("mps")
+else:
+    device = torch.device("cpu")
 
 
 def generate_config(network_name):
@@ -367,4 +373,4 @@ class RetinaFace(nn.Module):
         # self.total_frame += len(frames)
         # print(self.batch_time / self.total_frame)
 
-        return final_bounding_boxes, final_landmarks
+        return final_bounding_boxes, final_landmarks
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/facelib/detection/yolov5face/face_detector.py b/facelib/detection/yolov5face/face_detector.py
index 2282b28..18be576 100644
--- a/facelib/detection/yolov5face/face_detector.py
+++ b/facelib/detection/yolov5face/face_detector.py
@@ -139,4 +139,4 @@ class YoloDetector:
             return None
 
     def __call__(self, *args):
-        return self.predict(*args)
+        return self.predict(*args)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/facelib/detection/yolov5face/utils/extract_ckpt.py b/facelib/detection/yolov5face/utils/extract_ckpt.py
index 4b8b631..5785285 100644
--- a/facelib/detection/yolov5face/utils/extract_ckpt.py
+++ b/facelib/detection/yolov5face/utils/extract_ckpt.py
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 import torch
 import sys
-sys.path.insert(0,'./facelib/detection/yolov5face')
-model = torch.load('facelib/detection/yolov5face/yolov5n-face.pt', map_location='cpu')['model']
-torch.save(model.state_dict(),'weights/facelib/yolov5n-face.pth')
\ No newline at end of file
+import os
+
+# Setup dynamic device selection
+if torch.cuda.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("cuda")
+elif torch.backends.mps.is_available():
+    device = torch.device("mps")
+else:
+    device = torch.device("cpu")
+
+sys.path.insert(0, './facelib/detection/yolov5face')
+
+# Load the model to the selected device
+ckpt = torch.load('facelib/detection/yolov5face/yolov5n-face.pt', map_location=device)
+model = ckpt['model'].to(device)
+
+# Save only the weights
+os.makedirs('weights/facelib', exist_ok=True)
+torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'weights/facelib/yolov5n-face.pth')
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/recognition/scrfd.py b/recognition/scrfd.py
index 0b79556..09215f1 100644
--- a/recognition/scrfd.py
+++ b/recognition/scrfd.py
@@ -269,32 +269,45 @@ class SCRFD:
         return det, kpss
 
     def autodetect(self, img, max_num=0, metric='max'):
-        bboxes, kpss = self.detect(img, input_size=(640, 640), thresh=0.5)
-        bboxes2, kpss2 = self.detect(img, input_size=(128, 128), thresh=0.5)
+        if self.session.get_providers()[0] == 'CoreMLExecutionProvider':
+            # Cache the CPU-based detector
+            if not hasattr(self, '_cpu_fallback_detector'):
+                model_path = self.model_file
+                cpu_session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession(model_path, providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"])
+                self._cpu_fallback_detector = SCRFD(model_file=model_path, session=cpu_session)
+                self._cpu_fallback_detector.prepare(0, input_size=(640, 640))
+            
+            detector = self._cpu_fallback_detector
+        else:
+            detector = self  # Use the original GPU/CoreML session
+
+        bboxes, kpss = detector.detect(img, input_size=(640, 640), thresh=0.5)
+        bboxes2, kpss2 = detector.detect(img, input_size=(128, 128), thresh=0.5)
+        
         bboxes_all = np.concatenate([bboxes, bboxes2], axis=0)
         kpss_all = np.concatenate([kpss, kpss2], axis=0)
         keep = self.nms(bboxes_all)
-        det = bboxes_all[keep,:]
-        kpss = kpss_all[keep,:]
+        det = bboxes_all[keep, :]
+        kpss = kpss_all[keep, :]
+
         if max_num > 0 and det.shape[0] > max_num:
-            area = (det[:, 2] - det[:, 0]) * (det[:, 3] -
-                                                    det[:, 1])
+            area = (det[:, 2] - det[:, 0]) * (det[:, 3] - det[:, 1])
             img_center = img.shape[0] // 2, img.shape[1] // 2
             offsets = np.vstack([
                 (det[:, 0] + det[:, 2]) / 2 - img_center[1],
                 (det[:, 1] + det[:, 3]) / 2 - img_center[0]
             ])
             offset_dist_squared = np.sum(np.power(offsets, 2.0), 0)
-            if metric=='max':
+            if metric == 'max':
                 values = area
             else:
-                values = area - offset_dist_squared * 2.0  # some extra weight on the centering
-            bindex = np.argsort(
-                values)[::-1]  # some extra weight on the centering
+                values = area - offset_dist_squared * 2.0
+            bindex = np.argsort(values)[::-1]
             bindex = bindex[0:max_num]
             det = det[bindex, :]
             if kpss is not None:
                 kpss = kpss[bindex, :]
+
         return det, kpss
 
     def nms(self, dets):
@@ -325,5 +338,4 @@ class SCRFD:
             inds = np.where(ovr <= thresh)[0]
             order = order[inds + 1]
 
-        return keep
-
+        return keep
\ No newline at end of file